Hasan Ajdari Mehri; Hossein Khademi; Elaheh Erami; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 106-115
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several systems of pain modulation in the central nervous system modulated the responses to painful stimuli in stressful and excitement situations. Stimulation of the hypothalamus induces analgesia through information relay to the brain stem including Rostral- Ventromedial medulla. ...
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Abstract
Background: Several systems of pain modulation in the central nervous system modulated the responses to painful stimuli in stressful and excitement situations. Stimulation of the hypothalamus induces analgesia through information relay to the brain stem including Rostral- Ventromedial medulla. The Rostral-Ventromedial medulla as output gate of the brain stem medulated pain through neurons in the dorsal horn.
This pain modulation in central nerous system in various psychological conditions was based on existing of different neural groups and the special connections between them. These neurons cause pain modulation. The functional relationship between activation of one group of them and increasing pain and activation of another group and reduction of pain has been observed. In this review, it is discussed about the role of different neural groups of rostral-ventromedial medulla in pain modulation.
Conclusion: The Rostral-Ventromedial medulla has a major role in modulating pain and higher centers of the brain by altering the activity of the special groups of neurons cause to induce inhibition or facilitate pain in different stress and emotional conditions.
Baghatollah Salehi; Hasan Ajdari ZarMehri; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Elahe Erami; Nematollah Gheybi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 338-346
Abstract
Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin ...
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Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin induced nociceptive behaviors in rats.
Methods: This study was done in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 8 groups of rats (220-300gr). Groups 1 and 2: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 3 and 4: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Groups 5 and 6: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 7 and 8: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Food was withdrawn 48 h (short-term food deprivation) prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be available ad libitum. The formalin (50 μL, 2%) was injected into hind plantar paw. Immediately after the formalin injection, pain behaviors recorded for 90 minutes.
Results: There is significant difference between male and female control Sprague-Dawley rats during phase 2B. Although interphase in male rats is more than female ones, but the phase 2B in female rats is more than male ones and phase 2 finished with delay in Sprague-Dawley race. There are no significant differences between male and female control Wistar rats during formalin test. Following 48-h food deprivation, male and female rats exhibited enhanced nociceptive behaviors in response to formalin injection during phase 1, the interphase, phase 2. In contrast, 48 h food deprivation had significant effect on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviors in phase 2B for male Wistar and in interphase and phase 2B for female rats.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the existence of gender and strain-related differences in rats in the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Also, these differences observed following food deprivation.
Saeed Faghih; Behzad Feizzadeh; Habibollah Esmaili; Elaheh Erami; Hasan Ajdari Zarmehri
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March and April 2010, , Pages 21-26
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ...
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Background and Purpose: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is initial treatment of choice for most calculi in the kidney. Although ESWL has many side effects one of which is cardiac arrhythmia, occurring mostly in non-synchronized mode. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on electrocardiogram changes in patients with renal stone. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 75 patients with renal stone who were selected by non-probability and convenience sampling. Then electrocardiograph was obtained from participants before, during and after lithotripsy. The relationship between ESWL-associated arrhythmia and autonomic neural activity was evaluated by heart rate spectral analysis. Electrocardiogram changes were interpreted and the data were analyzed in SPSS and SAS using chi-square, independent t-test, paired t-test, McNemar, Cochrane, One-way ANOVA and general linear model. Results: ESWL was found to elicit new or worsened electrocardiogram changes in 66.7 percent patients with no previous cardiac disease. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the presence of ventricular premature contractions and analgesic drugs (p